Supplementary Materials for Phys 798C

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  • Lecture 1 summary
  • Slides and figures for lecture 1
  • Brief review of relevant bits of solid state physics for lecture 1
  • Excellent article by John Bardeen on the unity of concepts in the structure of matter
  • Physics Today article on Heike Kamerlingh Onnes's discovery of superconductivity.
  • Scientific American article on Heike Kamerlingh Onnes's discovery of superconductivity.
  • Paul Canfield's article "Still Alluring and Hard to Predict at 100"
  • Mac Beasley Search for Practical New Superconductors - ASC 2012 presentation, and the associated paper
  • Review article: Superconductivity in the elements, alloys and simple compounds
  • Slides and summary for lecture 2
  • Magnetically-levitated train using superconductors sets speed record
  • Review article on imaging DC and microwave currents in superconductors using laser scanning microscopy
  • High-temperature superconductors used in electric power applications.
  • High-temperature superconducting magnets are a game-changer for fusion energy generation
  • Silsbee's rule for thin films allows extraction of penetration depth from self-field critical current
  • Lecture 3 slides and summary
  • Summary of normal metal and superconductor electrodynamics. Also includes transmission lines and resonators. pdf version
  • Classic paper on the 2-Fluid model by Gorter
  • Two-Fluid Model Surface Impedance tutorial by S. Remillard
  • Calculation of the superfluid density (Mathematica notebook) as a function of temperature and QP scattering rate. Following arXiv:2101.06697
  • Superconducting Niobium cavity for surface impedance measurements of single crystal samples
  • Review article on Microwave Superconductivity
  • Superconducting Microwave Cavities and Resonators
  • Challenges and opportunities in constructing a near-field microwave microscope to image superconducting samples
  • Dissipated Power vs. Frequency (Normal vs. superconducting metals)
  • The Ferrell-Tinkham-Glover optical conductivity Sum Rule paper
  • Q+A with James Annett on the Optical Conductivity Sum Rule
  • Lecture 4 summary
  • Review of single-particle Quantum (wave) Mechanics
  • Measurement of flux quantization
  • First flux quantization measurement papers by Deaver and Doll
  • The final Feynman lecture on Physics covered the macroscopic quantum model of superconductivity and flux quantization.
  • The Josephson Effect derived from the macroscopic quantum treatment of superconductivity (section 21-9 of the Feynman Lecture linked above)
  • Great introductory videos about superconductivity by Prof. Alfred Leitner
  • Lecture 5 summary
  • Cooper pairing lecture summary from Phys 402
  • Background material: A nice discussion of the Free Electron Model that follows Kittel's Introduction to Solid State Physics, Chap. 6 of the 5th Edition.
  • The Cooper pair instability paper (Phys. Rev. 104, 1189 (1956))
  • Observed correlation of Tc with the density of states at the Fermi level in 4d transition metal alloys
  • p-wave(?) superconductivity in strontium ruthenate (Physics Today article)
  • Lecture 6 summary
  • Phonon dispersion in Aluminum
  • Some thoughts on overscreening from Prof. Waldram
  • Cooper pairing comics
  • Background material: Debye model of lattice specific heat
  • Background material: Wikipedia entry for Phonons.
  • Carbotte's review article on "Properties of Boson-Exchange Superconductors"
  • Superconductivity in the Elements.
  • Lecture 7 Summary
  • Isotope effect in Mercury (Hg). Isotope effect in MgB2.
  • Table of measured isotope effect exponents. Isotope effect paper by Garland (PRL 11, 114 (1963).
  • Effect of Coulomb repulsion on isotope exponent
  • Review article:: Isotope Effect in superconductors
  • Vkk' for d-wave pairing. Use of this Vkk' to calculate superconducitng properties; Lenck and Carbotte (PRB 49, 4176 (1994)).
  • The case for d-wave pairing in the cuprates, by Doug Scalapino.
  • Cuprate d-wave pairing slides
  • Background material: Wikipedia entry for Second Quantization. Also Slater Determinant. Nice summary of Second Quantization: appendix of Waldram's book
  • Lecture 8 summary
  • Quantum harmonic oscillator and coherent states
  • Background Material: Coherent States in Quantum Mechanics
  • Background Material: Grand Canonical Ensemble
  • The Letter version of the BCS paper (Phys. Rev. 106, 162 (1957))
  • The full BCS paper (Phys. Rev. 108, 1175 (1957))
  • Overview of BCS theory by Cooper
  • Recollections on the development of BCS theory by Cooper, Schrieffer, and Bardeen
  • Contrarian opinion: BCS theory of superconductivity: it is time to question its validity, by Jorge Hirsch
  • BCS theory assumes equal abundance of spin-up and spin-down electrons. An interesting AMO paper shows that Fermionic superfluidity is robust against a substantial imbalance in spin populations.
  • Lecture 9 summary
  • Background Material: Variational Methods in Quantum Mechanics
  • A simple variational calculation from undergraduate QM: He atom ground state energy
  • BCS occupation distribution, compared to the Fermi function at Tc. Associated Mathematica notebook.
  • Lecture 10 summary
  • Background Material: Mean Field Theory
  • The BCS quasiparticle excitation spectrum
  • Lecture 11 Summary
  • Lecture slides on BCS energy gap
  • Mathematica calculation of approximate BCS gap temperature dependence
  • BCS Gap vs. Temperature in Fortran77 code.  (see http://ltl.tkk.fi/research/theory/qc/bcsgap.html)
  • Approximate expression for BCS gap temperature dependence, Eq. 3.11, of this classic paper on UBe13 electrodynamics
  • The weak-coupling limit universal value for 2D(0)/kBTc for a d-wave superconductor is 4.28. See Appendix A of this paper
  • More detailed calculation for 2D(0)/kBTc for a d-wave superconductor
  • Correlation between Tc and TF in superconductors, a measure of the degree of electron-electron correlations
  • Electronic Entropy and Free Energy in normal metal and superconductors
  • Cartoon of the electron-phonon interaction and comparison of Tc and the pairing interaction energy scale
  • Continuous microwave illumination can push the quasiparticle and phonon distributions out of equilibrium. Paper by Goldie and Withington
  • Lecture 12 Summary
  • Perturbation of time-reversed states
  • Ultrasonic Attenuation (and other perturbations on the superconducting state) measurements
  • Coherence Effects in superconductors (Hebel-Schlicter peak, etc.)
  • Paper by P. W. Anderson on the pairing of time-reversed states in a Cooper Pair
  • Detailed analysis of the superconducting properties of Nb in BCS/Eliashberg theory
  • Detailed analysis of the superconducting properties of Hg through density functional theory
  • BCS Electrodynamics
  • Mattis-Bardeen paper and complex conductivity calculation in Mathematica
  • Zimmermann complex conductivity calculation with non-magnetic disorder
  • Mattis-Bardeen surface impedance calculation carried out beyond the gap edge
  • Kubo complex conductivity calculation with both nonmagnetic and magnetic disorder
  • Measurement of complex conductivity vs frequency in Nb
  • Calculation of BCS Surface Resistance and Penetration Depth (SRIMP)
  • Semiclassical model of superconducting penetration depth in anisotropic superconductors (ignores scattering) by Chandrasekhar and Einzel. The key equations have been re-expressed by Prozorov and Giannetta (beware of two errors in Eq. (15))
  • Prediction of universal residual σ1 in a d-wave superconductor. Comments on residual microwave surface resistance of d-wave superconductors
  • Lecture 13 summary
  • Tunnel Junctions
  • Josephson's paper on quasiparticle and Cooper pair tunneling between two superconductors
  • Physics Today article on Bardeen and Josephson, "The Nobel Laureat versus the Graduate Student"
  • Strong Coupling Superconductors (Eliashberg theory)
  • The sensitivity of the transition temperature to changes in α2F(ω)
  • Lecture 14 summary
  • Nice example of a "do-it-yourself" BCS calculation from the ground up: Unconventional superconductivity in YPtBi and related topological semimetals
  • Ginzburg-Landau free energy difference above and below Tc
  • Symmetry aspects of superconductivity by M. Sigrist
  • Translation of the original Ginzburg-Landau paper: On the Theory of Superconductivity, J. Expt. Theoret. Phys. 20, 1064 (1950)
  • Landau: On the Theory of Phase Transitions
  • Lecture 15 Summary
  • Lecture notes from the remote lecture.  Recorded lecture posted on ELMS.  
  • Lecture 16 Summary
  • Lecture notes from the remote lecture.  Recorded lecture posted on ELMS.  
  • Intermediate state of type-I superconductors (domain walls), and superconducitng nanowires
  • Magnetic field and order parameter profiles at interfaces in type-I and type-II superconductors
  • Resistance versus temperature of a superconducting nanowire
  • The many contributions to Superconducting Inductance, including geometric, kinetic, Josephson, vortex, etc.
  • Presentation on Superconducitng Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs) for single-photon detection by Sunil Golwala
  • Presentation on Nonlinear kinetic inductance in TiN and NbTiN microresonators and transmission lines by Peter Day
  • Lecture 17 Summary
  • Abrikosov vortex lattice (Mathematica notebook). Order parameter in square and triangular lattices
  • Vortex lattice imaging.
  • Lecture 18 Summary
  • Paper on the mathematical properties of zeros of a complex scalar field
  • Plots of single-vortex magnetic field and current for radii greater than the GL coherence length
  • The archived Little-Parks experiment lecture
  • Slides explaining the Little-Parks experiment by Prof. D. van Harlingen @ UIUC
  • Some properties of Vortex Core States
  • Vortex pinning
  • Lecture 19 summary
  • Vortex-Anti-Vortex annihilation in current-carrying superconducting strips
  • Presentation on fluctuations and vortices near the superconducting transition temperature
  • Solving the Time-Dependent Ginzburg-Landau Equations (TDGL) in COMSOL, by Bakhrom Oripov
  • TDGL treatment of RF magnetic vortices in superconductors by Bakhrom Oripov
  • Excellent review article on Vortex Pinning
  • Lecture 20 Summary
  • Flux flow resistivity
  • RF/Microwave Vortex Dynamics - the Gittleman-Rosenblum model
  • Review article on vortices and vortex pinning
  • Vortex pinning and high-field superconducting magnets
  • Lecture 21 Summary
  • Josephson's paper on tunneling between two superconductors
  • Physics Today article on Bardeen and Josephson, "The Nobel Laureat versus the Graduate Student"
  • John Rowell presentation at ASC-2012 on Observing Josephson's Effects
  • Measuring the Current-Phase relation of a Josephson junction using an rf SQUID (Rifkin and Deaver)
  • Josephson current-phase relationship
  • Intrinsic Josephson effect in cuprate superconductors: Tunable THz source
  • Josephson voltage standard
  • R. Kautz presentation at ASC-2012 on The Josephson Voltage Standard
  • Am. J. Phys. article "The Josephson Effect and e over h" by John Clarke
  • Early paper showing evidence of the pseudogap by means of tunneling in cuprate superconductors
  • RSJ Model summary from DVH @ UIUC
  • Lecture 22 Summary
  • Magnetic diffraction and Josephson vortex viewgraphs
  • The sine-Gordan equation in Josephson junction arrays by Mazo and Ustinov
  • Inducing Josephson vortices with a microwave microscope - work by Sheng-Chiang Lee
  • Microwave loss and inductance due to Josephson vortices - work by Dan Oates
  • Lecture 23 Summary
  • Paper on the Pendulum analog of the Josephson Junction
  • The Josephson microprocessor, developed in Japan in the 1980's
  • STM-based SIS tunneling: Josephson junction with high resistance and small capacitance - classic paper by Dynes
  • Experimental Shapiro steps in a Nb point contact junction
  • Lecture 24 Summary
  • Illustation of quantum interference effects in a DC SQUID
  • SQUID application to underground radio .
  • MEG measurements with SQUIDs. A gradiometer pickup makes the SQUID more sensitive to nearby sources, as opposed to 'noise' sources further away.
  • Phase-sensitive measurements and high-Tc p-SQUIDs.
  • Review article on phase-sensitive measurements using SQUIDs by Kirtley and Tsuei.
  • Review article on nano-SQUIDs
  • The original Superconducting Quantum Interference (SQIF) paper
  • Micro-Tesla MRI with a SQUID
  • Lecture 25 Summary
  • Measurement of fluctuation susceptibility in Al nanoparticles as evidence of non-zero orber parameter above Tc
  • Lecture 26 Summary
  • Measurement of fluctuation conductivity above Tc in 1D and 2D samples
  • Critical fluctuations in HTS paper by Lobb. A discussion of the Ginzburg criterion for critical fluctuations is presented.
  • Prof. Lobb paper: "When are Superconductors Really Superconducting?".
  • Superfluid Helium. Vortices in superfluid 4He.
  • Lecture 27 Summary
  • Overheads from the Kosterlitz-Thouless lecture
  • Pearl paper on the current distribution for vortices in two-dimensional superconducting films
  • The original Kosterlitz-Thouless paper
  • Review article: Are Superconductors Really Superconducting?
  • Observation of the "Meissner Effect" in rotating Helium by Hess and Fairbank
  • Lecture 28 Summary
  • Phase diagram of 3He.
  • Evidence for 2-component order parameter in UPt3
  • Sci Am article on The 3He Superfluids
  • Nice summary of superfluidity in 3He and 4He
  • Lecture 29 Summary
  • Cuprate superconductivity
  • Cuprate pairing slides